全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1107篇 |
免费 | 191篇 |
国内免费 | 283篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 42篇 |
大气科学 | 233篇 |
地球物理 | 205篇 |
地质学 | 670篇 |
海洋学 | 74篇 |
天文学 | 40篇 |
综合类 | 43篇 |
自然地理 | 274篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 62篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 53篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 59篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 53篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 76篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 66篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 81篇 |
2006年 | 79篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 70篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1581条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Diagnosing snow accumulation errors in a rain‐snow transitional environment with snow board observations 下载免费PDF全文
Diagnosing the source of errors in snow models requires intensive observations, a flexible model framework to test competing hypotheses, and a methodology to systematically test the dominant snow processes. We present a novel process‐based approach to diagnose model errors through an example that focuses on snow accumulation processes (precipitation partitioning, new snow density, and snow compaction). Twelve years of meteorological and snow board measurements were used to identify the main source of model error on each snow accumulation day. Results show that modeled values of new snow density were outside observational uncertainties in 52% of days available for evaluation, while precipitation partitioning and compaction were in error 45% and 16% of the time, respectively. Precipitation partitioning errors mattered more for total winter accumulation during the anomalously warm winter of 2014–2015, when a higher fraction of precipitation fell within the temperature range where partition methods had the largest error. These results demonstrate how isolating individual model processes can identify the primary source(s) of model error, which helps prioritize future research. 相似文献
32.
New magnetostratigraphic and pedostratigraphic investigations of loess deposits in north‐east China and their implications for regional environmental change during the Mid‐Pleistocene climatic transition 下载免费PDF全文
33.
Given the contrasting behaviour observed for geomaterials, for example, during landslides of the flow type, this contribution proposes an original constitutive model, which associates both an elasto‐plastic relation and a Bingham viscous law linked by a mechanical transition criterion. This last is defined as the second‐order work sign for each material point, which is a general criterion for divergence instabilities. Finite element method with Lagrangian integration points is chosen as a framework for implementing the new model because of its well‐known ability to deal with both solid and fluid behaviours in large deformation processes. A first boundary model considering a sample of initially stable soil, a slope and an obstacle is performed. The results show the power of the constitutive model because the consistent evolution of initiation, propagation and arrest of the mudflow is described. A parametric study is led on various plastic and viscous parameters to determine their influence on the flow development and arrest. Finally, forces against the obstacle are compared with good agreement with those of other authors for the same geometry and a pure viscous behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
Antonio Herrero‐Hernndez Fernando Gmez‐Fernndez Francisco Javier Lpez‐Moro 《Geological Journal》2015,50(1):39-55
The Upper Cretaceous succession of the Leonese Area (NW Spain) comprises mixed clastic and carbonate sediments. This succession is divided into two lithostratigraphic units, the Voznuevo Member and the Boñar Formation, which represent fluvial, shoreface, intertidal, subtidal and open‐shelf sedimentary environments. Regional seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphic analysis have allowed the study of lateral and vertical changes in the sedimentary record and the definition of third‐order levels of stratigraphic cyclicity. On the basis of these data, the succession can be divided into two second‐order depositional sequences (DS‐1 and DS‐2), incorporating three system tracts in a lowstand to transgressive to highstand system tract succession (LST–TST–HST). These sequences are composed of fluvial systems at the base with palaeocurrents that flowed westward and south‐westward. The upper part of DS‐1 (Late Albian–Middle Turonian) shows evidence of intertidal to subtidal and offshore deposits. DS‐2 (Late Turonian–Campanian) comprises intertidal to subtidal, tidal flat, shallow marine and lacustrine deposits and interbedded fluvial deposits. Two regressive–transgressive cycles occurred in the area related to eustatic controls. The evolution of the basin can be explained by base‐level changes and associated shifts in depositional trends of successive retrogradational episodes. By using isobath and isopach maps, the main palaeogeographic features of DS‐1 and DS‐2 were constrained, namely coastline positions, the existence and orientation of corridors through which fluvial networks were channelled and the location of the main depocentres of the basin. Sedimentation on the Upper Cretaceous marine platform was mainly controlled by (i) oscillations of sea level and (ii) the orientation of Mesozoic faults, which induced sedimentation along depocentres. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
35.
在对油水接触面形态和油水过渡带厚度的分布规律进行定量分析的基础上,以苏北盆地花17断块为例,结合油井生产动态特征分析了构造-岩性油藏中油水分布规律,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,在实际油藏中油水接触面是一个呈波状起伏的面,其在自由水面以上的高度随残余油饱和度下的毛管压力增大而抬高;油水过渡带厚度仅与束缚水饱和度和残余油... 相似文献
36.
辽宁省营口市大石桥产出的蛇纹石玉是传统名玉岫玉的一种,其物理化学特征和矿物岩石学特征与传统岫岩玉有较大差别。本文采用一系列分析技术测试了该地区蛇纹石玉的放射性、化学成分、矿物成分及在8~15μm波长带的红外发射率,结果表明:该地区蛇纹石玉不具有放射性,对人体安全无害,有良好的红外辐射功能,至少两类玉石有可能直接用作天然保健材料;玉石的矿物组成越复杂、矿物的红外活性越强、红外吸收波段范围越大,玉石的红外发射率就越高;含有硼镁石的样品的红外发射率较高达0.82。蛇纹石的晶体结构和过渡元素含量是蛇纹石玉红外发射功能的重要影响因素,晶格活性振动强、Fe2O3含量为6.28%的样品红外发射率高达0.83。引入过渡元素可以提高玉石样品的红外发射率。 相似文献
37.
Prophaenognatha robusta gen. et sp. nov. (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aclopinae), the best-preserved aclopine fossil so far, is described and illustrated from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Jehol Biota, western Liaoning Province, NE China. The key to extinct and extant genera of Aclopinae is given and the monophyly of extant and fossil Aclopinae lineages is supported by five character states. The new taxon provides evidence about the evolution of Scarabaeoidea with its phylogenetic position inferred based on 68 morphological characters. 相似文献
38.
39.
Small-scale heterogeneity in the deep mantle is concentrated in the upper-mantle transi-tion zone(TZ),in the depth range 410-660 km and also at the bottom 250 km D region.This encour-ages a more detailed investigation of the potential for seismic reflectivity imaging by modelling hetero-geneous structures in mantle convection models including phase transitions of the TZ and D regions.We applied finite elements with variable spacing near the boundary layers in 2-D cylindrical geometry that allow for sufficie... 相似文献
40.
Ricardo Arevalo Jr William F. McDonough Philip M. Piccoli 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(2):253-273
An in situ, medium‐resolution LA‐ICP‐MS method was developed to measure the abundances of the first‐row transition metals, Ga and Ge in a suite of geological materials, namely the MPI‐DING reference glasses. The analytical protocol established here hinged on maximising the ablation rate of the ultraviolet (UV) laser system and the sensitivity of the ICP‐MS, as well minimising the production of diatomic oxides and argides, which serve as the dominant sources of isobaric interferences. Non‐spectral matrix effects were accounted for by using multiple external calibrators, including NIST SRM 610 and the USGS basaltic glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G and BCR‐2G, and utilising 43Ca as an internal standard. Analyses of the MPI‐DING reference glasses, which represent geological matrices ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic in composition, included measurements of concentrations as low as < 100 μg g?1 and as high as > 104 μg g?1. The new data reported here were found to statistically correlate with the ‘preferred’ reference values for these materials at the 95% confidence level, though with significantly better precision, typically on the order of ≤ 3% (2sm). This analytical method may be extended to any matrix‐matched geological sample, particularly oceanic basalts, silicate minerals and meteoritic materials. 相似文献